Circuit control device



CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVlCE Filed Nov.

May 4, 19430 W. HOTINE CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVICE Filed NOV. 14, 1939 3 SheeS-Sheet 2 FIG] I FIG@ HQTINE CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVICE Patented May 4, 1943 l UNITED- .,STATES PATENT OF FICE. l, y 2,318,231. l, l cmctn'r -comon nevical e, n i Iriotine, Westbury, N. Application November 14, `1939, serial No. 304,315 --l A 24 claims. ,loam- 222) 7 My'invention relates [to speed control devices for electrical equipment'.y An object of my invention is tor utilize therotation of a shaft to varytheconducting propertiesoi an electrical device., v y i ,i

A further object of my invention is tov provide a circuit controldevice in `which the current irnpulses through thel device'are controlled by the relative position of two'rotatable interrupters.

A further object ot my inventionlis to utilize the momentum oi uone rotating part, relatively stablek with respect to `anotherrotatable'part which is subject tovariations" in rotation, for relatively displacing electrically conducting and non-conducting elements of a circuit. .i

A i'urther object is to provide a rotatable switchlngdevlce in which the time interval between the passage, andinon-,passage of current in a circuit including the device is varied automatically by the relative speeds ofthe rotatable ele` ments thereof. Y,

Still a'iurther object is to provide acontrol device for electrical. circultsoperated automatically'vby the rotationallspeed of the shaft driven in any manner. l l y Y The foregoingJ objects,.and lo'thers'which appear'from the `annexed rdrawings and accompanying specification, I accomplish, in one form of my invention, by providing two commutators or interrupters, each comprising equal segments of inter-connected conducting and non-conducting or insulation material, on vtwo rotatable'parts.

One of the rotatable parts is rigidly mounted in- 1 the line 111-111' tegral with ya, shaft, while the' other rotatable part is rotatably mounted on the shaft and is capable of independent limited rotation relative Y to the shaft.r Upon rotation of the shaft, the

'independentb' limitedly f rotatable element, due

to its inertia will tend tocontinue rotating at'the stabilized speed of the shaft, while the integral rotatable part will varyin its speed of rotation with the instantaneous variations in speed of the shaft, thereby displacingr the relative positions oi' the commutator segments Aon one commutator in respect of those of the other. Thus in the external circuit, connecting one set of commutator segments to theother, the potential and the time of its applicationand durationwill be varledas determined by such relative displacement.l In another preferred form of my invention instead of relatively displacing two groups of `commutator segments in this way, I displace the krelative position of thebrushes contacting the commutators, thereby producing the aforementioned variations in the external circuit.

' which:

,nectiom a modified governor; l i

Figure. 7 a section through the deviceof Figure 6 on theline II-II 4 vable shaft I by means of Imbedded in one face i electrically connected )to the vobjects and advantages, will best be' .understood from theiollowing description whenread injconnection lwith the laccompanying drawings. in Figurel discloses one form fof mylautomatic control deviceviewed from the commutator end face, witha schematic "of the electrical circuit and a motor drive for theshatt Figure `2 shows a slightly modiiied form of my device viewed' from the commutator en'd lace thereof;

Figure 3 shows a section along the line I-I' of Figure' 2'with a schematic of the motor'con- AFigure 4 shows a .'schematicarrangement of the formy of my device 4oiFigllre's 6 andfl; l Figurey 5 showsa schematic of thephase dis,- placement ofthe form of myclevicey ofFigures 6 and'l: f a

,v ievlfv of a modied form Figure 6- shows a plan offmy invention from the governor sidedisclosing of Figure; i f yFigure 8 a longitudinal Viewkv of anotherV form of my invention with .peripheral c'ommut'atorv segments;l ,y

Figure 9 an'end view thereof in the direction of and partially broken away. Referring to Figure 3, annular ring @of insulating material is rigidly mounted onfthe rotatsleeved, having anintegral annular shoulderS at one end and athread at theother end to receive the clamping nut 6. of ringf3 areavplurality of conductingsegments 8'fourin the structure shown in Figure 1, comprising sectorsofthe ring and spaced equidistant onvsuch face and having between each successive pair a sector 1 of insulating material oi a width'equal to that of a conducting segment. The exposedA faces of the conducting segments 8 and of the insulating segments 1 are coplanar, and riding thereonis brush 9 held in positionby holder2, About the periphery of ring 3 is fixed the inner race 'Ib of v the ball bearing il and so disposed that the race is conductingA seg- `ments 8 by interveningring l21of` conducting material on the periphery of ring-3."y ,k An annular ring i3vof insuiatingmaterial, carperiphery the outer ball race rying at its internal il of ball bearing Ii, is disposed about ring).

On the face of ring i3`corresponding to the commutator face of ring 3, are embedded conductor segments 32, equal in number to those on ring 3, having equal width intervening sectors I5 ci non-conducting portions of ring i3, coplanar with conducting segments 32. The latter are electrically connected to bali race I4 by conducting ring I3 on the inner periphery of ring i3. The

in Figure 1, or adjustable, as in Figure 2. Near the flyweight end thereof is a spring 2,3, con- ,nected to said arm and to pin 2l med in ring 3.

The arm 20, normally at an angle to 'governor arm 24, approximately a right angle in the drawings, is forked, 22, 23, at its non-pivoted end, the fork engaging between its prongs a pin 2l fixed in ring I3. 0n arm 20, somewhat below the forked end thereof, is a fixed pin 28 the extendving portion of which is split and engages a ilat spring 29, the other. end of which is xed in sleeve I9. The driveof ring I3 is thus by way of pin 2i, arm 20, pin 28, spring 29, sleeve I9, and pin I8, carrying ring I3 along with ring 3 on rotation of the latter.

When' ring 3 rotates at constant speed, or at a gradual variation therefrom, the position oi arm 24, caused by the centrifugal force, will determine the position of ring I3 relative to ring 3. Spring 29 is selected for stiffness so that'thev bending force exerted on itat small rates of change of speed by the inertia of ring i3, will bend spring 29 but slightly; or not at all, if the rate of change of speed is small enough. When,

' however, a sudden change of speed of ring 3 occurs, the inertia of ring I3 exerts a suilicient force to bend spring 29. Arm 24, sufficient time not having elapsed to build up centrifugal force,

will not change its position. Thus at high rates of change of speed of ring 3, the inertia of ring I3 causes a relative displacement of ring t3 to ring 3while at low rates of change oi speed of ring 3, the angular displacement of 'arm 2d caused by the centrifugal force will effect a relative displacement of ring I3 to ring 3. The mass of ring I3 is preferably chosen, and the iexihility of spring 29 chosen, so that the relative-displacement of the two rings, and their associated commutators caused by the speed of ring 3 and its rates of change of speed, will be the proper displacement to secure the desired regulating effects. i

The foregoing description applies edualiy well to Figure 1 and to Figures 2 and 3, a section along line A-A' of Figure 1 being the same as the section shown in Figure 3, with Ithe exception that the latter shows a differing commutator congurationf In both forms of my invention shaft I is driven by the electric motor 3i.

On rotation of shaft I by motor 2i, spring 26.

permits the fiyball to move outwardly from the center of rotation. Consider the shaft i-and ring 3 as just having commenced to rotate, with ring I3 still stationary. Ring 3 may advance angularly only until arm 20 and spring 29, acting as a connecting link non-extendable longitudinally, drags ring I3 along. Themass of fiyball to asiaez'fe 29` and its position on arm 24, and the tension oi.' spring 26, are selectively predetermined so that when balance at a predetermined, absolute or normal rate of rotation of shaft I is established, the segments of similar electrical character of rings 3 and I3 are displaced relative to each other one half theircircumferential length, that is, one-half their central angle.

Consider shaft I of Figs. 1 and 3 rotating in a clockwise direction. The drive of ring I3 by ring 3 at the predetermined absolute speed is by spring 29 through its connection with sleeve I9 on ring 3 and pin 28 on arm 20. Slight, sharp variations of the speeds of either of the rings 3 or I3 relative to each other is taken up by the spring 29.

The variation of the speed of the two rings does not last long enough to cause a centrifugal force to actv on ,thefly ball 25, as shaft I slows up or speeds up'. Due to the-inertia of the heavy ring I3, its speed is maintained almost uniform. When ring 3 tends to outrun ring I3, spring 29 is flexed concavely when viewed in the direction of rotation of shaft I, due to its connection to ring 3 (sleeve I9) and to ring I3 (arm 20, pin 2I and pin 28). Spring 29, thus being charged, will tend to straighten itself out, bringing back into position rings 3 and I3, so that segments of similar electrical characteristics are again displaced one-half their central angle relative to each again be displaced one half their central angle with respect to each other.

Thus it can be seen that for slight, sharp variations in the relative speeds of the rings 3 and I3, spring 29 will displace rings 3 and I3 with respect to each other to bring about the desired regulating results.

On the other hand, Where the variations of the relative speeds of the two rings, 3 and I3, are of long duration,. as where ring I3, due to its inertia tends to over run or under run ring 3, governor arm 24 will bring about the desired displacement of rings 3 and I3.

Where 'the variations in speed are of long duration, centrifugal force will act upon the y ball 25, to rotate arm Y24 aboutthe pin I8. In rotating arm 24 about pin I8, sleeve I9 is rotated. Spring 29, being xed in sleeve I9 will be flexed in the manner heretofore described. Spring 29 in straightening out will displace the rings 3 and I3 relative to each other, so Athat the segments of similar electrical characteristics are again displaced one half of their central angle relative to each other. Y

It ls to be noted that where the variations of the relative speeds of the two rings 3 and I3 are slight and of very short duration, spring 29 is flexed slightly, and in tending to straighten out vibrates slightly. Wherethe variations of the relative speeds of the two rings are of relatively long duration, so that the .fly ball governor may act upon the spring 29, spring 29 will tend to straighten out slowly with little or no vibration.

`While the example hereinbefore given has been for the relative displacement of like segments one half their central angles, it is to be underthe moment of the fly ball governor and the stiffness of spring 29.

'I'he form of my invention shown in Figures 2 and 3 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that both the segments, connecting to an external electrical circuit and disconnecting therefrom, are of conductingmaterial 'Ihe commutating surface of ring 3 comprises two formed plates 42 and 43, separated by the insulating band 44 integral with ring 3, the exposed surfaces of the plates and band being coplanar. The innermost plate 43, which constitutes the disconnecting plate, has in the specific showing of Figure 2, radially extending portions 4,8 spaced equally about the plate and having between each a projecting portion 49 of the outer plate 42, insulated therefrom by band 44, each fitting into an lnterstice in the inner plate between two pro- 'jections 48 equal to the width of a projection 48. The radial extent of the projection is such that the brush 9, engaging the commutatlng surface of ring 3, will alternately wholly engage a projection 48 of the inner plate and an outer plate projection 49, while brush always engages the inner plate 43. 'I'he outer plate 42 is conductively connected to the ball race III by `ring I2, as were the conducting segments of Figure 1. Outer ring I3 in this construction is provided with a similar inner and outer plate, 45 and I 46 respectively, insulated by a band of insulating material 41, with thev inner plate 45 electrically connected to ball race Il by ring I6. Brush I1, on revolution of ring 3, alternately wholly engages a projection 5I of inner plate 45 and a projection 50 of o uterlplate 46, while auxiliary brush 4I always engages outer plate 46 which is electrically insulated.

Another form of my device with end surface commutation is shown in Figures 4 to 7, inclusive. The commutator segments of each ring 3 and I3 are again of the formed inner and outer plate type of Figures 2 and 3. However, in this specific embodiment, the inner commutator plate 45 of ring I3 is electrically insulated from the ball race |4, and the outer commutator plate 42 of ring 3 is also insulated from ball race I0. Ring I3 has engaging its commutator surface not only main brush 9 in the path of the interlocking projections 59 and 5|, of inner plate 45 and outer plate 46, but also two auxiliary brushes, 62 and 63, with brush 62 always in engagement with outer plate 46 and brush 63 always in engagement with inner plate 45. Similarly ring 3 has engaging its commutator surface not only main brush |1 in the path of the interlocking projections of its inner plate 43 and outer plate 42, but also two auxiliary brushes 64 and 65, with brush 64 always engaging the outer plate 42 and auxiliary brush 65 always engaging inner plate 43.

As in the previously described specific forms I of my invention, the mechanical flyweight sys- 'tem is so predetermined that for steady running state, the corresponding projections of the inner and outer plates of the respective commutators are displaced relative to each other one half the central angle of a plate projection or interstice. In the structure of Figures 4 to '1,

each plate has four projections and four interstlces, all equal, and hence the predetermined displacement of similar commutator segments by the yweight system is 22.1/2. .Such steady state running condition is shown in a mechanical schematic in Figure 5.

. I'he details of the fiyweight mechanism are .shown in Figures 6 and 7, thc'atter being a section on the line II-II shown in Figure 6. Pin is threaded into ring 3 and has rotatable thereon sleeve I9, held `against lateral displacement between washer 1i engaging the surface of the ring and the 10 of pin 39. Rigid in sleeve I9 is the il-'ioall arm 24 carrying flyweight 25 at a distance from sleeve I9 which is adjustable, by any known means, such as the screw thread shown in Figure 6. Spring 26 connected between arm 24 and ring 3 is provided to resist the centrifugal force on ilyweight 25 on rotation of ring 3. Stop 19, projecting from ring 3, is in the path of arm 24 and when the tension of spring 26 is greater than the centrifugal force the stop limits the motion of arm 24 inwardly toward the axis of rotation. Arm 12, at a predetermined angle relative arm 24, is integral with sleeve I9 and extends radially outwardly, having at its outer end the spaced prongs 13 and 14. Slotted pin 2|, fast upon ring I3, projects into the space between said prongs and in the steady state condition occupies a position about midway between them. One end of llat spring 29 lies within and slides in the slot of pin 2|, the other spring end being fastened in sleeve I9. On a variation from the steady state, pin 2| moving toward one of the prongs, 13 or 14, flexes the spring 29.

The forms of my automatic control device hereinbefore described have employed commutating elements disposed on the 4end face of the rotatable elements. The forms shown in the Figures 8 and 9 as distinguished therefrom, employ commutatlng elements disposed on the periphery thereof and may have external electrical connections like those shown for the form of my invention disclosed in Figure 1. With such arrangement of the commutating surfaces, the brushes are fixed and the peripheral commutator elements laterally displaceable, as in the device of Figures 8 and 9.

Referring to Figures 8 and 9, shaft S9, driven 8| having on its cylindrical periphery an equal number of conducting 82 and insulating 83 segments, each conducting segment being of the same peripheral extent as each insulating seg- Brush 84, supported in fixed brush holder |64 and connected to the external circuit, engages the periphery of drum 8i. A plurality of lugs B5 are provided on one end face of drum 8i, circularly disposed about shaft 80, the lugs anchoring one end of the springs 36. A sleeve 91 is rigidly keyed to shaft 80 and carries at its end nearest drurn 8| a disc 88 integral therewith and provided with lugs on its face adjacent drum 8i which.

anchor the other ends of springs 86. Splined on sleeve 91 and laterally displaceable thereon, is a second drum 89 having on its periphery the same (as on drum 8|) equal number of conducting 92 and insulating 93 segments, each conducting segment being of the same area and configuration as each insulating segment. Conducting segments 92 are so positioned that their peripheral boundaries, when the commencement of one is aligned with the boundary of a conducting segment on drum 8|.' form an angle with the said extended bounda of a conducting segment of drum 8| and ex end to the beginning of the next (extended) boundary of the succeeding conducting segment on drum 8|.

Fixed brush 94, likewise carried by brush holder 194, engages the commutating periphery of drum 75 89 and is so disposed that at the steady state of spr ngs95,"carryingliiyw'eights im), are connected ato" endy of each vto fixed shoulder H32 and'at theotherendf'ofreach toprojecting ring its in iegralwith 89.1 It obviousthaton rota.- tion of shaftjn', the instantaneous position .of fixed' jbrush yalong the "width fof the peripheral commutating segmentsof 8S. will be deter-A mined`v bythe, v"OppOsiris?.forces of 'spying Sli and that of the' centrifugal forceon iiyweights Ll ilu and ylweightfspringsl'. l

:As'statednnthe Steady stateff'rotanon brush' 941 engages dramas tmumayjutelateralperipheral width; :in will further be noted', as 'shown'm VVVFig-V ure 8, `that at the lsteady kstate condition similar commutating segmentson drums 8l and 8S are relatively displaced,` at `the line of engagement lwith Atheir respective brushes, one half the central angle subtended by their equal segments. Thus in the speciilc structure there are four conducting and four, non-conducting segmentsk on each ,fdrun'n and the steady state displacement is 221/2?.} As drum ,Bl4V is "drivenlsolely through springs 86'ffromshaft l8l), ithas a-flywheel effect andtends to maintain itsfuniform momentum inthe face of any change inspeed.thus causingl a variation in `the relative displacement of the segments'of drums 8| and *89s The conducting segments on drum. 8l arel all electrically connected, andvin turn. connected electrically, conveniently. by-way of shaft 80, to the conducting segments on drum 89, likewise connected to eachv other electrically. Obviously Athe vangle the commutator segments; make with the axis ofrotation of the drum may` be varied, as also the configu1` ration f the segments, thereby selectivelyaltering theregulating` characteristics.

` Alth'ouglilY have `showin and described certain specific embodiments; of my invention, am fully aware that' manymodiflcations thereof are possible. My invention, therefore, is not to be re stricted exceptin so far as is necessitated ioy` the prior art and by theA spirit of theappended claims. The device ,isobviously useful to control the speed of anlelectric motor and toV automatically regulate vthe4outputcharacteristics of other 'electrical devices,` such asl generators ordynamos undervaryingzconditions Vof load and speed; or to control theaction of relays or solenoids for regulating engines or `mechanical devices under varying conditionsof load` and speed. The vary-1 ing amount. v'of yelectric lcurrent s owing through thefproperv regulatoryl circuit asv controlled byy my'device isjusedl to accomplish such regulation and'control as desired.

What I claim is: f

1.'A circuit control device comprising two rotatable circuitfinterrupters, circuit making elementsthereon all connected to each other, means for-'driving vsaid interrupters, contacts cooperating with individual interrupterS, and speed responsive'means displacing the point of engagement of a contactand the circuit making elements of itsinterrupter relative that of a similar contact and the circuit making elements Aof the other interrupter.

asiaaas l circuit control device comprising two ro-` tatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements thereon all connected to eachother, means for driving one oi` said interrupters, contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, a yielding connection between the driven interrupter and the other 'interrupterg and means responsive `to the speed of the driven interrupt'er and tothe rate of change of speed of one interrupter rela-v` tive that of the other interrupter todisplace the point ofengagement of a contact-,and the circuit making elements of one lnterrupter relative such point of engagement of a similar contact and the circuit making elements ofthe other interrupter.V

l3. A circuit control device comprising twor tatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements thereon al1 connected to each other,- means' fory driving one of said interrupters, contacts cooperating'with individual interrupters, ayielding connectionbetween-the driven interrupter and the other interruptor, and means responsive to the rateof change of thespeed .of one interruptor.rel-A ative that rof the other interrupter to'displace` the l point of engagement of a contact and the circuit makingelements of one interrupt'er relative such point of-engagement ofA a similar contact and they circuit making elements of the other interruptor.

4. AV circuit control device comprisingA a first commutatorhaving a plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and insulating material, a rstbrush engaging said first commutator, a second commutator having the same-plurality of equal segments alternatelyof conductingand in sulating material, a second brushengagirg said second commutator, an electrical connector'be. tween all said conducting segmentsr of both commutators, a means for rotating said commutators, and means responsive to. the speed `thereoffor relatively displacing the points ofv engagement of 40 the brushes with their respective commutators.

` 5. A circuit.. control device comprising a first commutator` having a plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and in'sulatingmaterial,` a iirst brushengaging said first commutator, a second commutator having the'same plurality ofV equal segments alternatelyof conducting and in-r sulating material, a second brush engaging said second commutator, an electrical connector between all said conducting segments of both commutators, means for driving one of said commutators, a yielding driving connection between said driven commutator and the other commutator, and means responsive to the absolute speed of the drivenk commutator and kto therelative speed of the commutators with respect to each other `for relatively displacing the points of en.. gagement of the brushes with their respective commutators. y

6. A circuit control device comprising a first commutator having a pluralityof egual segments alternately of conducting and insulating material, a ilrst brush engaging said first commutator, a second commutator having the same plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and insulating material, a second brush engaging said second commutator, an electrical connector between all said conducting segments of both commutators, means for driving one of said commutators, a yielding driving connection between said commutators, and means responsive to the rate of change in thespeed of either commutator relative that of the other for displacing the point. of engagement of said rst brush and the conf.

ducting segments of the first commutator relative the point of engagement of the second brush and the conducting segments the second commutator.

7. A circuit control device comprising a commutator having -a plurality of alternate circuit' making and circuit breaking portions each subtending the same central angle,v a contact therefor, a second commutator having the same plurality of alternate circuit making and 'circuit breakingportions each subtending the same central angle' as the portions of the first commutator, a second contact therefor, an electrical connection between all the circuit making portions of the first commutator to all the circuit making-portions oi the second commutator, means for driving one of said commutators, a driving connection between said commutators which is rigid for differences in the relative speeds of said commutators exceeding said central angle and yielding for differences in relative speeds of said commutators less than said central angle, and a speed responsive means on said driven commutator displacing the point of engagement of said rst contact and the circuit making portions of said first commutator relative the point of engagement of said second contact and the circuit making portions of said second commutator at a predetermined stabilized speed through an angle less than the said central angle.

8. A circuit control device comprising a commutator having a pluraility of alternate circuit making and circuit breaking portions' each subtending the same central angle. Ya first contact therefor, a second commutator having the same plurality of alternate circuit making and ycircuit breaking portions each subtending the same central angle as the portions of the rst commutator, a second contact' therefor, an electrical connection between all the circuit making portions of the nrst commutator to all the circuit making portions of the second commutator, means for driving one of said commutators. a driving connection between said com mutators which is rigid for differences in relative speeds of said commutators exceeding said central angie and yielding for dierences in relative speeds of said commutators less than said central angle, and means responsive to the speed of the driven commutator displacing the point of engagement of said i'lr'st contact and the circuit making portions of the first commutator relative the point of engagement of the second contact and the circuit making portions of the second commutator through an angle less than said 'central angle at the stabilized speed of the driven commutator, and also responsive to the rate of change in speed of either commutator relative that of the other commutator to further displace said points of engagement relative each .other from such stabilized displacement angle in a. direction to re-establish said stabilized displacement angle. p s ,I

9. A circuit control device comprising arst commutator having a plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and of insulating material with edge boundaries lparallel to the axis of the commutator, a firstbrushnengaging said commutator, a second commutator having the same plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and of linsulating material with edge boundaries at an angle to the axis of the second commutator, a second brush engaging said second commutator and of a width less than the width of the second commutator, means for moving said second commutator laterally vofl and in engagement with said second brush. means driving connectionY between said commutators, and means responsive both tothe absolute speed of the driven commutator and to the rate of change in the speed of either commutator relative to the other commutator actuating said second commutator moving means.

10. A circuit control device comprising a rst commutator having a plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and of insulating material with edge boundaries parallel to the axis of the commutator, a first brush engaging said commutator, a second commutator having the same plurality of equal segments atlernately of conducting and of insulating material with edge boundaries at an angle to the axis of the second commutator, a second brush engaging said second commutator and of a width less than the width of the second commutator, means for moving said second commutator laterally of and in 'engagement with said second brush, means `for driving said commutators, andspeed responsive means actuating said second commutator moving means.l Y

11. A circuit control device comprising a first commutator having a plurality'of equal segments alternately of conducting and of insulating material with edge boundaries parallel to the axis of the commutator, a first brush engaging said commutator, a second commutator having the same plurality of equal segments alternately of conducting and of .insulating material with edge boundaries at an angle to the axis of the second commutator, a second brush engaging said second commutator and of a width less than the width of the second commutator, means for moving said second commutator laterally of and in engagement with said second brush, means for driving said second commutator, a. yieldable driving connection between said commutators. and means responsive to the rate of change in the speed of either commutator relative ythat of the other commutator for actuating said second commutator moving means.

12. An electricv control comprising a commutator having a plurality of equally extending radial segments alternately of conducting and of insulating material, a spatially fixed continuously engaging brush therefor, a second commutator having the same plurality of equally extending radial segments alternately of conducting and of insulating material, said second commutator having a flywheel effect and being coaxially disposed about said first commutator, a spatially fixed continuously engaging brush for said second commutator, a conductive connection between all said radial conducting segments of said rst and second commutators, a shaft supporting said first commutator, amotor driving said shaft, a centrifugal force governor on said first commutator, an independently pivotable arm on said iirst commutator, a spring connecting said governor and said arm, a projection integral with said second commutator, and a fork on said arm engaging said projection. i

13..,An'electric control comprising a first disc commutator, a formed inner plate of conducting .material thereon adjacent its axis with a continuous concentric surface adjacent the axis and with equal 'spaced projecting radial portions in the region thereof remote from the axis, thespacings between successive projections subtending individual central angles equal to each subtended by the projecting portions, a band of insulating material about the outer periphery of said inner plate, a formed outer plate of conducting material on said first disc having integral radial projections fitting into the spacings said band and having` an outermost continuous concentric surface of conducting material, a spatially fixed first brush continuously engaging the continuous surface of the inner plate, -a second spatially fixed brush continuously engaging alternatelyv the projections of said inner and outer plates, a second disc commutator having thereon a formed inner and a formed outer plate electrically insulated from each other with equal intermeshing projections of the same number and kind as on said first disc commutator and having similar continuous concentric regions of conduct. ing material and disposed about and rotatably supported by said first disc commutator. a spatially fixed third brush continuously engaging the continuous concentric surface -of 'the outer plate of said second commutator, a spatially xed fourth brush continuously engaging alternately the projections of said inner and outer plates of said second commutator. a conductive connection between the outer plate of said first comimutator and the inner plate Vof said second commutator, a motor, a shaft rotatable by said motor and driving said first commutator, a. centrifugal force governor on said first commutator, an arm integral with said governor and pivotable therewith, a fork at the end of said arm, a pin projection integral with said second commutator and extending between the prongs of saidv fork, and a spring connecting said pin projection and said governor.

14. An electric-control comprising a first commutatorl an inner formed plate of conducting material on an end face thereof havingA an unbroken zone adjacent the commutator axis and equal spaced projections at the portion remote from said axis, each projection and each interstice subtending the Ysame central angle, a continuous band of insulating material about the outer periphery of said inner plate, an outer formed plate on conducting material on said f series connected resistances in shunt of said secof said inner plate and insulated therefrom by end face having integral spaced portions meshing with the interstices of the inner plate insulated therefrom by said continuous band and having an unbroken zone remote from said axis,

a spatially fixed first brush continuously .en..

gaging successive projections of the inner and outer plates alternately, a spatially fixed second brush continuously engaging the unbroken zone of the inner plate, a spatially fixed` third brush continuously engaging the unbroken zone of the outer plate, an annular ring rotatably supported Y on said first commutator and having a ywheel effect, a second commutator disposed on an end face of said ring and constituted of an inner and an outer conductive plate insulated from each other'and having meshing projections equal in number to and subtending the same central angle as those on the first commutator plates and having the same unbroken zones respectively, a fourth spatially fixed brush continuously engaging successive projections on the inner and outer plates of the second commutator alternately, a fifth spatially fixed brush continuously engaging the unbroken zone of the inner plate of the second commutator, a sixth spatially fixed brush-continuously engaging the unbroken zone Y of the outer plate of the second commutator, a

ond connector, a tap connecting the junction point of said resistances to the first connector, an electric circuit connected to said rst and fourth brushes, a motor for driving said first commutator, a centrifugal force governor on said first commutator, an arm on said rst commutator actuatable by said governor and having a forked non-pivoted end, a projection on said annular ring cooperating with the prongs of said forked end, and a spring connecting said annular ring projection and governor at the pivoted region thereof.

15. An electrical Control comprising a. shaft, a first commutator having a flywheel effect rotatable thereon and having peripheral segments parallel to the shaft and alternately of conducting and of insulating material and each subtending the same central angle, a spatially fixed conn tact continuously engaging said commutator, means for driving said shaft, a second commutator rotatably rigid on said shaft but laterally displaceable thereon and having peripheral segments at an angle to the shaft and alternately o conducting and of insulating material and each subtending in planes perpendicular to the shaft the Vsaine central angle as those of the first commutator, a conductive connection between al1- conducting segments of both 'commutators a. second spatially fixed contact continuously engaging saidsecond commutator and of a width Vless than the width of the second commutator, a.

resilient driving connection between said commutators, and a centrifugal force governor rigidly v attached at one end to said shaft and at the other end to said second commutator.

16. In combination with an electric circuit. two rotatable interrupters, and means responsive to the rate of change in the relative speed of said interrupters conductively connecting said interrupters in said circuit for varying periods of time. e

' two rotatable interrupters in said circuit, and

means responsive to the rate of change in speed of rotation of either interrupter for varying the period of interruption of said circuit.

19. A circuit control device comprising, two independently rotatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements on said interrupters electri. cally connected to each other, contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, means for driving one of said interrupters, a yielding connection between the driven interrupter and the second of said interrupters, said second interrupter having flywheel characteristics, and speed responsive means to displace the point of engagement of a contact and the circuit making elements of one interrupter relative such point of engagement of a similar contact and the circuit making elements of the other interrupter.A

f 20. A circuit control device comprising, two independently rotatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements on said interrupters electrically connected to each other, i contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, means for driving one of said interrupters, a yielding connection between the driven interrupter and the second of said interrupters, said second interrupter having iiywheel characteristics. and speed responsive means to displace the point ot engagement of a contact and the circuit making elements of one interrupter relative such point of engagement oi.' a similar contact and the circuit making elements of the other interrupter, said speed responsive means including a centrifugal governor on said irst interrupter.

21. A circuit control device comprising, two independently rotatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements on said interrupters electrically connected to each other, contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, means i'or driving one of said interrupters, a yielding connection between the motor driven interrupter and the second of said interrupters, said second interrupters having iiywheel characteristics, and speed responsive means to displace the point of engagement of a contact and the circuit making elements o1' one interrupter relative such point oi' engagement of a similar contact and the circuit making elements of the other interrupter, said speed responsive means including a centrifugal governor on said first interrupter, and including a rigid driving connection for said second interrupter between predetermined limits of changes in the points of engagement of said contacts with the circuit making elements of their respective interrupters 22. A circuit control device comprising, two independently rotatable circuit interrupters, circuit making elements on said interrupters electrically connected to each other, contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, means for driving one oi' said interrupters, resilient connecting means between the driven interrupter and the .points of engagement of second of said interrupters, said second interrupter having flywheel characteristics, and speed responsive means to displace the point of engagement of a contact and the circuit making elements of one intel-runter relative such point of engagement of a similar contact and the circuit making elements of the other interrupter, said speed responsive means including a centrifugal governor on said iirst interrupter.

23. A circuit control device comprising, two rotatable circuit interrupters, alternate circuit making and circuit breaking elements thereon, means for driving said interrupters, contacts cooperating with individual interrupters, and speed responsive means for displacing the point of engagement of a Contact and the circuit making elements of its interrupter relative to the point of engagement of a similar Contact with the circuit making elements of the other interrupter.

24. A circuit control device comprising, a iirst commutator having equal segments alternately of circuit making and circuit breaking elements, a

brush engaging said commutator, a second commutator having the same plurality of equal segments alternately of circuit making and circuit breaking elements, a second brush engaging said second commutator, means for rotating one of said commutators, a yielding driving connection between the driven commutator and the other commutator, means for relatively displacing the said brushes with their respective commutators, and means responsive to the rate of change in speed of either commutator vrelative to that of the other commutator to actuate said displacing means. 

